低温条件下猪粪堆肥过程营养元素动态变化

Nutrient dynamics during pig feces composting under low temperature

本试验加入自行研制的低温发酵剂,以猪粪为堆料、玉米秸秆为调理剂、自然发酵为对照,研究了低温环境下猪粪堆肥过程中温度和氮、磷、钾的动态变化。结果表明,低温发酵剂在低温环境下能有效加快堆肥进程并显著影响营养元素的动态变化。加发酵剂（处理A、B、C）的温度高于55℃以上时间分别为13、11、12d,均达到国家无害化处理标准。3种处理全氮与速效氮含量变化正好相反：全氮含量先下降后上升而速效氮含量先增加后下降,二者主要变化阶段集中在堆肥的0-20d,与发酵高温期基本一致。全磷、有效磷、全钾、速效钾含量均呈上升趋势,而对照由于受到低温环境温度限制,升温缓慢、生物活动弱、营养元素含量变化不明显。

Nutrient dynamics especially under low temperature are important to the composting process as well as final composting products. In this experiment, the dynamics of nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） were studied during the composting process using pig feces as composting substrate materials, corn straw as composting conditioner, self-manufactured microbial combinations as inoculants compared with CK which was no microbial inoculants added. Results showed that the microbial inoculants could promote the composting process significantly. The lengths of the composting with temperature maintained above 55 ℃ under the three treatments A, B, C were 13, 11 and 12 days, respectively, meeting the national sanitary standard. Available N under the three treatments with microbial inoculants added increased first and then decreased whereas total N decreased first and increased later. Total P, available P, total K, available K all increased respectively during the composting process. The temperature, microbial activity and nutrient dynamics of CK were not changed significantly due to the low temperature limitation.