论司法认知模式——以帕卡的诉讼模式理论为切入点

Two Modes of Judicial Notice

司法认知是一种特殊的审判职权行为。这要求法官进行司法认知时,应该是中立、排除情感、价值无涉。而法官是人而非神,法官司法认知时的经验思维,形成了两个相互对立的司法认知模式:犯罪控制模式和警察控制模式。法官无论是选择哪一种模式,都是基于法官固有的价值观念和个人偏好,属于法官的经验思维。最有效的方法是给法官司法认知时确定一些必须遵守的原则,以预防和抵制其在司法认知时受自身经验思维的影响。

Judicial notice is the means by which a court may take as proved certain facts without hearing evidence.When a judge judicially notices,he shall take a neutral attitude,excluding personal emotion and value.In fact,a judge is certain to be influenced by his own empirical thinking when taking judicial notice because he is only an ordinary person,which causes two modes of judicial notice contrary to each other to come into being,namely,police control mode and crime control mode.A judge's choice of either of the two modes is inevitably based on his own intrinsic value and personal bias,which falls within the scope of his empirical thinking.Some principles shall be established to prevent and resist a judge's empirical thinking.