高龄心力衰竭患者再发病的诱因分析及护理

Predisposing causes of recurrence of chronic congestive heart failure in aged patients and relevant nursing care

目的探讨325例高龄心力衰竭(CHF)患者再发病诱因分析及护理与干预对策。方法对325例CHF住院患者[男173例,女152例,年龄84.3(80～101)岁]进行问卷调查,分析主要基础病因、其他诱因(发病前1周)。结果冠心病(98例,30.15%)和高血压病(75例,23.08%)是CHF再发病的主要诱因;其次是呼吸道感染(36例,11.08%),心肌病(28例,8.61%),先心病(20例,6.15%),甲亢心脏病(19例,5.85%),肥胖(15例,4.62%),慢性贫血(9例,2.77%)等。其他诱因有饮食不当、劳累、精神因素等(61例)。结论冠心病和高血压病是老年人CHF主要诱因。个案护理,健康教育,减盐,禁烟、酒。少食多餐,可降低CHF的再发率。

Objective To investigate the predisposing causes of recurrence of chronic congestive heart failure （CHF） in aged patients and relevant effective nursing care measures. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 325 patients with chronic CHF, 173 males and 152 females, aged 84.3 （80-101）. Different nursing measures were provided, and the effects were analyzed. Results The predisposing causes of the recurrence of CHF included coronary heart disease （n=98, 30.15%）, hypertension （n=75, 23.08%）, respiratory infection （n=36, 11.08%）, cardiomyopathy （n=28, 8.61%）, congenital heart disease （n= 20, 6.15%）, hyperthyroidism heart disease （n=19, 5.85%）, obesity （n=15,4.62%）, chronic anemia （n=9, 2.77 %）, etc. Other causes included improper diet, fatigue, and mental factors （n=61）. Different nursing care measures were provided and their effects were evaluated. Conclusion Coronary heart disease and hypertension are the most primary factors of recurrence of CHF in aged patients. Individualized nursing care, health education, reduction of salt consumption, control of tobacco and alcoholic drinks, and having many meals but little food at each, all help decrease the recurrence rate of CHF.