生态因子对白蜡虫泌蜡关系的研究

STUDIES ON ECOLOGICAL FACTORS ON WAX SECRETION OF WHITE WAX SCALES

１９９１～１９９５年分别在温带鲁甸、北亚热带昆明、南亚热带景东、热带景洪地区设点进行白蜡虫放养实验，探讨不同生态因子对白蜡虫泌蜡的关系．研究表明：温带、亚热带地区白蜡虫能正常生长发育，雄虫泌蜡正常，产蜡也好；但热带地区的３～５月由于高温干旱，日照强，蒸发量大，寄主树严重缺水，枝叶萎蔫，因而温度、湿度、光照、水、食物因子对固定于寄主树叶上的一龄白蜡虫雄虫有一定影响；５月中旬进入雨季，气温下降，湿度提高，水湿条件较好，寄主树恢复生机，二龄雄虫转入枝条固定后能正常泌蜡．实验结果表明：温带、亚热带地区适于建白蜡基地，热带地区水湿条件好。

From 1991 to 1995 experiments on artificial iflection of white wax scales were respectively made in the temperate zone,Ludian,the north subtropical zone,Kunming,south subtropical zone,Jingdong and the tropical zone,Jinghong. The authors aim at finding out the effects of different ecological factors on wax secretion of white wax scales. It was shown that the scales grew and developed well and the male secreted wax normally but from March to May host trees withered in the tropics because of high temperature,drought,fierce sunshine and high evaperation,and therefore the first-instar male scales on leaves were more or less influenced by these factors. In mid-May when rainy season came,temperature decreased and humidity became high,the withered plants revived under favourable water and humidity conditions,so the second-instar male could secrete wax regularly when they came to fix on branches. The experimental results have demonstrated that temperate and subtropical zones were suitable for developing white wax production and in some parts of the tropics where water and humidity conditions were desired,production of white wax might as well be considered. The experimental results will not only make great contributions to the white wax research,but also are of great significance for extending production areas of white wax,eradicating poverty and improving people′s life in mountainous areas. 