急性呼吸道感染住院患儿细菌病原学分析

Analysis on bacteria etiology of inpatient children with acute respiratory infection

目的探讨苏州地区住院儿童急性呼吸道感染细菌病原学分布。方法对2005年11月至2007年10月在苏州大学附属儿童医院住院治疗的所有急性呼吸道感染患儿,常规进行深部痰培养,进行病原学分析。结果急性呼吸道感染患儿共3069例,其中881例分离到1种或1种以上致病菌,阳性率为28.7%,最常见的病原菌为肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和卡他莫拉菌,阳性率分别为10.1%,4.3%,3.7%和2.7%,连续两年病原总阳性率呈增长趋势。总病原阳性率以1个月至1岁最高,为32.8%。流感嗜血杆菌、卡他莫拉菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌和真菌检出率以低龄组为主。卡他莫拉菌、流感嗜血杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌四季检出率不同。流感嗜血杆菌男性检出率高于女性。结论肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和卡他莫拉菌是小儿急性呼吸道感染常见致病菌。

Objective To study the pathogenic bacteria of acute respiratory infection （ ARI ） , and age and gender distribution and season of the pathogenic bacteria in children. Methods Sputum specimens for bacterial cultures were collected in sterile tubes from all of the children with ARI who had been admitted to the Children＇s Hospital Affiliated to Sooehow University between November 2005 and October 2007. Results Among the 3069 patients with ARI during the study period, 881 patients were bacteria-positive, with a positive rate of 28. 7%. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common （ 309 strains） , followed by hemophilies influenzae （ 132 strains） , Staphylococcus aureus （ 113 strains） and Moraxelle cataiThalis （ 83 strains）. The highest infection rate（32. 8% ） of the total bacterial was between one month old and one year old. The infection rate（ 32.0% ） of the total bacteria （luring the period from November 2005 to October 2006 was higher than that （ 25.4% ） of period from November 2006 to October 2007. The main infection rate of hemophilies infiuenzac,Moraxelle catarrhalis,Escherichia coil,Bacillus canalis capsulatus and eumycete was higher in patients between one month old and three years old. The infection rate of Moraxelle catarrhalis,hemophilies influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was related to season. The infection rate of hemophilies influenzae in boys was higher than that of girls. Conclusion Streptococcus pneumoniae,hemophilies influenzae,Staphylococcus aureus and Moraxelle catarrhalis are common pathogens of ARI in children.