移植 改造 融合——论中国近代继受大陆民法的模式

Transplant·Transformation·Merge——Chinese modern civil law transplanted the patterns from continental civil law

中国古代没有近代意义上的民法,近代,从清末制定《大清民律草案》、到民国北洋政府时期制定《民国民律草案》以及南京国民政府时期《中华民国民法典》的正式颁布实施,完成中国历史上第一次民法制定的历史任务,为中国民法走向近、现代奠定了基础。中国近代民法制度的发展主要通过三种模式继受大陆民法制度:一是移植大陆法系法律制度;二是借鉴大陆民法制度改造中国固有民法制度;三是将继受的大陆民法制度与中国固有民法传统进行融合。通过上述方式,大量吸纳了欧陆近代民法制度,将中国法律纳入近代民法传统。

Ancient China had no civil law in the modern sense. In modern times, the initiation of ＂Da Qing Civil Law Draft＂ at the end of the Qing Dynasty, the formulation of ＂Republic of China Civil Law Draft＂ during the Beiyang government＇s times of the Republic of China, along with the promulgation of ＂ Republic of China Civil Code＂ during the Nanjing government＇ s times of the Republic of China, had nurtured the first stage of Chinese civil law transformation which had paved its way for contemporary orientation. The development of Chinese modern civil law system experienced three patterns of importation from Civil Law countries： first, transplanting the legal system from continental legal system; second, transforming Chinese inherent civil law system by imitating the Civil Law System; third, merging Civil Law system with Chinese inherent civil law tradition. The great amount of absorption of modem European civil law system through the above patterns had shepherded Chinese legal system to integrate into the modern civil law tradition.