德国法规审查标准之类型化——基于学说与实务视角的法理分析

On the Categorization of Scrutiny Standard in Germany

德国法规审查标准在以比例原则为基准的基础上不断走向类型化,现已形成了三层次的审查标准体系。学说和实务均对审查标准类型化的正当性予以法理阐述,并形成了实体法和功能法为主体的解释模式。通过对这些学说和实务观点的梳理和反思,可以发现德国法规审查标准之类型化既具有某种确定性,同时也具有某种流动性。德国法规审查标准的类型化体系对我国法规审查标准之构建具有重要的借鉴意义。

With the practice of different types of constitutional rights cases, Germany has developed three-level theory when applies proportionality principle to scrutiny legislative facts of different cases. By analysis of the legal theory of categorization of scrutiny standard, We can see that the constitutional court in Germany doesn＇t intend to make the scrutiny standard stiffened. Actually the thinking method of categorization only provides first step direct to judge individual case ,which helps to shorten the distance between the constitutional norm and ＂the constitutional facts＂, while the scrutiny test in the individual case still depends on the value-balancing of concrete facts.