黑龙江省农产品虚拟水状况分析及对策研究

Analysis and Policy on Virtual Water Condition of Agricultural Products in Heilongjiang Province

本文系统地归纳和总结了虚拟水的相关理论及方法,在此基础上,利用联合国粮农组织(FAO)推荐的CROPWAT软件、CROP数据库和CLIMATE数据库对黑龙江省虚拟水进行了详细的量化分析。通过产品虚拟水含量,计算出了2003年黑龙江省城乡居民虚拟水消费总量和2003年虚拟水贸易量。研究结果表明:黑龙江省是一个虚拟水净出口地区,2003年输出虚拟水量高达6.3058×109m3,占黑龙江省总供水的25.6%,粮食虚拟水净出口高达5.764×109m3,占农畜产品虚拟水净出口的91.40%。说明黑龙江省出口的一直以耗水量大的产品粮食为主。这种贸易状况对于水资源严重短缺的黑龙江是不尽合理的。从虚拟水的角度出发,黑龙江省的农产品产业结构及进出口贸易有待于作某些必要的调整以适应建立可持续发展和节水型社会。

This paper systematically induces and summarizes the correlation theories and methods of the virtual water. On the basis of that, by using the CLIMATE database, the CROP database and the CROPWAT software which were recommended by UN Food and Agriculture Organization （ FAO ） , One detailed quantitative analysis of virtual water of Heilongjiang Province had been carried out. From the virtual water capacity of the products, the total volume of virtual water consumption of urban and rural residents and virtual water trade in Heilongjiang in 2003 were calculated. The results showed that ： Heilongjiang Province was a net export area of virtual water, in 2003 the output of virtual water was as high as 6.3058 ×10^9m^3 , accounting for 25.6 percent of the total water supply ; net export of grain virtual water was as high as 5. 764 ×10^9m^3 , accounting for 91.40 percent of net export of agricultural and livestock products virtual water. It also indicated that the products that Heilongjiang Province exports were mainly grains which needed large water. This trade situation was not rea- sonable for Heilongjiang Province which was lack of water resources seriously. From the perspective of virtual Water, the industrial structure and import - export trade of Heilongjiang Province should be having some essential adjustments to adapt to the establishment of sustainable development and water - saving society.