跌落到人间的诗:从柏拉图到亚里士多德的诗学进程

The Poetic Development from Plato’s to Aristotle’s Poetic Thoughts

从柏拉图到亚里士多德的诗学进程并不是像很多人描绘的是一种反拨,相反,亚里士多德完成了从苏格拉底和柏拉图以来的诗从神格到人格的转换。在古希腊的早期,诗与神相通,在柏拉图那里,诗要么属于最高领域,要么成为最高领域的障碍,可以说,柏拉图对诗歌的态度始终是复杂的。而亚里士多德认为诗所模仿的高于一般世界,但低于必然性、普遍性的理论领域,诗歌被作为知识分类中的普通一门来看,诗完全跌落到人间。

The poetic development from Plato＇s to Aristotle＇s poetic thoughts is not a retroaction as many researchers described. On the contrary, Aristotle finished the conversion of poetry from divinity to mundaneness which dated back to Socrates and Plato. In the early period of Greece, poetry was considered to be connected to god. For Plato, poetry was either a part of the uppermost domain or an obstacle to the uppermost domain. It is true that Plato＇s attitude toward poetry had always been complicated, while Aristotle thought that what poetry imitated was superior to the common world, but inferior to the theoretic domain of inevitability and universality. Poetry was regarded as an ordinary category of knowledge. Thus, Poetry had fallen on to the world.