美国不同家庭背景子女高等教育机会差异研究

On the Disparities in HE Opportunity of Youth from Different Family Background in America

在美国高等教育大众化过程中,不同家庭背景子女"上大学"的机会差异总体上呈现缩小的趋势。然而,他们在"上什么样的大学"方面的机会差异不但没有缩小反而进一步扩大,即高收入家庭子女更多地就读于层次较高的四年制大学(最终可获得学士学位),而低收入家庭子女大多就读于两年制学院(最终只能拿到一个副学位或一个证书)。导致不同家庭背景子女受高等教育机会差异的原因极其复杂,应通过各种制度性倾斜政策,尽量为不同家庭背景子女提供大体相同的教育资源,以缩小他们在基础教育阶段和家庭收入之间的差距,使不同家庭背景子女间的高等教育机会差异处于社会可以接受的范围之内,以实现公众认可的教育机会平等。

Generally the disparities in HE opportunity of youth from different family background have lessened during the massification of HE in America. However, the gap in the enrollment of different HE colleges or universities of youth is widened rather than narrowed, that is, youth from higher income families mostly enter four-year universities （they may obtain a bachelor degree at last） while those from lower income families mostly go to two-year colleges （they may obtain an associate degree or a certificate）. The reasons that cause the disparity are complex. Various preferential regulations should be given to narrow the gap between different background families＇ children＇s basic education and family incomes, ensuring that the degree of the disparity is within social acceptance, to realize the publicly recognized equality of education opportunity.