美洲斑潜蝇自然种群的生态控制研究

Ecological control of the natural population of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard

应用作用因子生命表方法以及在此基础上提出的干扰作用控制指数法评价了不同的生态控制措施(施用马缨丹Lantana camaraL.乙醇提取物、施用机油乳剂和释放寄生性天敌)对美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativaeBlanchard种群动态控制的作用,结果表明,在喷施马缨丹乙醇提取物(浓度为1gDW/100mL)和机油乳剂(300x),释放寄生性天敌各处理区中的干扰作用控制指数分别为0.176、0.252、和0.377,表明这几种控制措施对美洲斑潜蝇的种群数量具有明显的控制作用,对美洲斑潜蝇种群的控制效果分别为82.4%、74.8%和62.3%。在此基础上,建立了美洲斑潜蝇自然种群的生态控制系统,在田间评价了自然控制因子与人工控制措施联合对美洲斑潜蝇种群的控制作用,结果表明,在美洲斑潜蝇成虫产卵高峰期施用马缨丹乙醇提取物(1gDW/100mL)和机油乳剂(300x),在幼虫高峰期释放寄生蜂(2000头/100m2),处理后美洲斑潜蝇的种群趋势指数I值小于1,表明可以达到控制美洲斑潜蝇种群增长的效果。

In this study, a life table and interference index of population （IIPC） were used for the simulation of population dynamics and population control of vegetable leafminer Liriomyza sativae Blanehard by using the ecological control. In the vegetable field, by spraying alcohol extracts of Lantana eamara L. （ lgDW/100 mL）, or spraying petroleum spray oil （300 x ）, or releasing parasitoids, the indices of population control （IIPC） of the vegetable leafminer L. sativae Blanchard deereased in 0. 176, 0. 252 and 0. 377 against the control, respectively, indicating that the ecological control measures gave good results to control the natural population of L. sativae Blanchard. The control effeets for L. sativae were 82.4% , 74.8% and 62.3%, respectively. The control effects of natural control factors and artifieal ecological control for the population of Liriomyza sativae Blanehard were evaluated. The result showed that the alcohol extracts （1gDW/100mL） plus horticultural spray oils （300 x ） used once at the period of adult emergence, and the parasitoids released at rate of 2000 per 100 m^2 gave the index of population of vegetable leafminer less than 1, suggesting that vegetable leafminer would be controlled sustainably.