珠海市婴幼儿轮状病毒腹泻流行病学研究

Epidemiological Study on Paediatric Rotavirus Diarrhea in Zhuhai

目的研究珠海市婴幼儿轮状病毒腹泻的流行病学特征,寻找发病危险因素,提供防制措施。方法设立哨点医院,建立腹泻病例定义,监测5岁以下儿童腹泻发病情况,用轮状病毒快速诊断试剂检测腹泻标本;采用病例对照研究发病危险因素,病例组随机从2007年12月-2008年1月腹泻登记的轮状病毒阳性病例中抽取;对照在同日其他疾病登记中随机选取。结果珠海市轮状病毒发病高峰在每年12月份,与低温有关,1～4岁儿童高发,发病危险因素有婴幼儿不良洗手习惯、和社区儿童玩耍,以及外地流动儿童。结论轮状病毒腹泻发病高峰在每年低温季节,建议在这个期间开展广泛的宣传教育,培养儿童洗手等良好的个人卫生习惯,减少儿童之间的接触,特别要针对外地流动儿童。

Objectives To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of paediatric rotavirus diarrhea in Zhuhai, identify risk factors and provide control measures for medical dapartments. Methods Diarrhea definition was set up. Hospital - based surveillance on diarrhea was carried out among the children under 5 - year - old, and rotavirus in every diarrhea samples was detected by rapid ELASA. Case - control study was conducted to find out the risk factors of the disease. The cases were randomly selected from registered diarrhea cases with rotavirus posiiive from December, 2007 to January, 2008, and the controls were randomly selected from other registered disease cases on the same day. Results Time distribution showed that epidemic peak occurred in December during the period of 2006--2007, and was related to low temperature. Children aged between 1 to 4 years were the main affected population, and the risk factors included personal hygiene, children contact, and migrant children. Conclusions The epidemic of rotavirus diarrhea happens in low temperature seasons. The results suggest that it is necessary to enhance heath education during this period, promote personal hygiene of children, especially the migrant children, and decrease the contact among the children.