广西夏冬季节腹泻病危险因素研究

Risk Factors of Diarrhea Diseases in Summer and Winter in Guangxi

目的探讨不同季节腹泻病的致病危险因素。方法采用1∶2配对病例对照研究,从人群中筛选腹泻病例,在同一社区或行政村内,选择2名与病例同性别、年龄相近的非腹泻者作为对照;制定统一的调查表进行入户调查;采用多因素条件Logistic回归进行统计分析。结果夏季调查共有248例病例和496名对照,多因素分析有统计学意义(P<0.05)的因素为吃隔夜饭菜、食物防蝇罩和传播途径知晓度,OR及95%可信区间分别为2.879(1.462～5.672)、0.434(0.239～0.788)和0.630(0.406～0.976),标准回归系数分别为0.1717、0.1896和0.1447;冬季调查共有194例病例和388名对照,多因素分析有统计学意义(P<0.05)的因素为接触腹泻病人、食物未煮熟煮透、喝生水和传播途径知晓度,OR及95%可信区间分别为3.131(1.152～8.507)、2.231(1.062～4.685)、10.411(1.102～98.352)和0.530(0.289～0.970)。结论夏季和冬季腹泻病的危险因素不同,应在不同季节采取针对性的措施,以收到理想的预防与控制效果。

Objective To explore the risk factors of diarrhea diseases in summer and winter. Methods The 1 ： 2 matched casecontrol study was conducted. The diarrhea patients, who came from the populations of urban and rural areas in Liuzhou City and Luocheng County, were selected as cases. Two healthy subjects were selected to match each case, with the same sex and close age, and from the same community or village of the case as controls. Household survey was carried out with a uniform designed questionnaire at the residence of the objects. Multivariate condition logistic regression models were employed to analyze the data. Results A total of 248 cases and 496 controls were selected in August. The results of multivariate analysis showed that eating leftovers, using food cover against flies and understanding level of transmission approaches were significantly associated with diarrhea diseases. Their OR and 95 % CI were 2. 879 （ 1. 462 -- 5. 672）, 0. 434 （0. 239 0. 788） and 0.630 （0.406--0. 976）, respectively. Totally 194 cases and 388 controls were selected in December. The resuits of multivariate analysis showed that contacting the diarrhea patients, eating uncooked food, drinking raw water and understanding level of transmission approaches were significantly associated with diarrhea diseases. Their OR and 95 % CI were 3. 131 （1. 152--8.507）, 2.231 （1.062--4.685）, 10.411 （1. 102--98.352）, and 0.530 （0.289--0.970）, respectively. Conelasioas Risk factors of diarrhea diseases are different in summer and winter. Different measures should be taken for obtaining the perfect results of diarrhea diseases prevention and control in different seasons.