湖南省2005-2007年水痘流行病学分析

Epidemiological Characteristic Analysis of Varicella in Hunan During the Period of 2005-2007

目的分析水痘流行病学特征,探讨水痘的防制措施。方法描述流行病学方法。结果湖南省2005-2007年水痘报告疫情呈每年递增趋势,报告发病率分别为0.348/10万、4.9984/10万、10.6228/10万。水痘发病呈现5-6月及11-12月两个发病高峰。地区间发病数不平衡,以长沙、湘潭、株洲等发达地区为高。以学生发病最多,占62.66%,其次是托幼儿童和散居儿童,分别占18.14%和13.82%。0～14岁病例占80.59%。水痘导致的突发公共卫生事件数逐年增加,2005-2007年分别报告4、20、37起,分别占当年突发公共卫生事件总数的2.86%、14.71%、33.64%,占传染病突发事件比例分别为3.92%、18.69%、38.54%。结论水痘已经成为儿童特别是在校儿童的高发病,成为导致突发公共卫生事件的主要原因之一,有必要就水痘发病对我国人群特别是儿童产生的疾病负担,包括流行病学负担和疾病经济负担进行系统研究,探讨利用已有的水痘疫苗在防制水痘流行方面的免疫策略。

Objective To find out better measures for controlling prevalence of varicella in Hunan Province through analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of this disease from 2005 to 2007. Method Descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed in this research. Result The incidence of varicella increaseci significantly from 2005 to 2007. There were two highest peaks of the varicella incidence during the two periods of May-- June and Nov. -- Dec.. The highest risk group by varicella attack was school children, because 62.66 % of the patients were in this group. The kindergarten children and children live scattered had higher risk to infect this disease. 80.59% of the patients were younger than 15 years old. The number of public health emergencies caused by varicella outbreaks was growing yearly from 4 to 20, and 20 to 37. The shares in all the public health emergencies happened in the corresponding year were 2.86 %, 14.17 % and 33.64 % respectively. And the numbers were 3.92 %, 18.69 % and 38..54 % among the communicable disease outbreaks. Conclusions Varicella had become one of the most prevalence diseases among children, especially the school children and one of the main causes of public health emergencies. It is necessary now to pay more efforts to researching the disease burden of varicella systematically, including epidemiological and economic burden, especially the disease burden of children. We also need to probe the preventive tactics through using the existing varicella vaccine for controlling varicella.