藻类高温胁迫分子响应的研究进展

Review of Molecular Biological Response of Alga to Heat Stress

本文综述了抗氧化系统、信号传导系统、热激蛋白及其他功能因子在藻类应对高温胁迫过程中发挥的作用:①高温胁迫会引起藻体产生活性氧(ROS),产生热激信号,抗氧化系统做出响应,消除ROS的生成、或缓解活性氧引起的损伤等途径来缓解生物体内的氧化胁迫;②藻类依靠信号系统,包括:Ca2+、钙调素(CaM)、热激转录因子(HSF)、促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)等感受并传导热激信号、激活热激基因的表达和诱导耐热性;③经热激信号的传导调控,藻类会新合成或增强合成一组蛋白质———热激蛋白(HSPs),参与生物体内新生肽的运输、折叠、组装、定位以及变性蛋白的复性和降解,缓解高温胁迫造成的伤害,产生抗热性;④其他功能因子,如:泛素、甘氨酸甜菜碱、热激油脂、海藻糖等也对高温胁迫做出应答.

Research of the mechanism of alga＇s response to heat stress is of great significance on the heat-resisting variety breeding and algae health cultivation. According to the reports, antioxidant system, signal transduction system, heat shock proteins and other functional factors play important roles in alga＇s response to heat stress. ① Heat stress causes alga to produce the reactive oxygen species （ROS）, a heat shock signal, inducing the anti-oxidation system to respond so as to eliminate ROS generation and to miti- gate the damage caused by ROS;② Signal system, including： Ca^2＋ , calmodulin （CAM）, heat shock transcription factor （HSF）, mitogen activated protein kinase （MAPK） and so on, feels and transmits the signals activated by heat shock and induces heat shock gene to express; ③ At the regulation of heat shock signal system, a group of proteins-heat shock proteins （HSPs） will express, which participate in the transportation, folding, assembly and localization of new peptide. HSPs also play an important role in the renaturation and degradation of denatured proteins and in mitigating the harm caused by heat stress; ④ Other functional factors, such as： ubiquitin, glycine betaine, heat shock fats, trehalose and so on, also respond to heat stress to increase the heat resistance of alga.