汉武帝《轮台诏》并非罪己诏

The Rescript for Luntai Issued by Emperor Hanwu Being not a Rescript for Penitence

为了保证征伐匈奴的军队顺利通过车师一带,武帝派遣开陵侯成娩攻击车师,取得重大胜利。随后,搜粟都尉桑弘羊等人向汉武帝提出在轮台、渠犁实行大规模屯田,来巩固汉朝在西域的战果。汉武帝下了一道《轮台诏》,否决了此项建议。这道诏书被称为"罪己诏"或者"轮台罪己诏",意谓汉武帝在这道诏书中承认自己过去所犯的种种错误,勇于自责,痛改前非。我们认为,把《轮台诏》称为罪己诏是不准确的。从《轮台诏》的内容看,这是武帝针对西域有关具体问题尤其是轮台屯垦一事做出回答的诏书。在诏书中,武帝没有表现出对过去穷兵黩武的悔悟,也没有反思自己一生过失,与罪己诏的差别很大。从《轮台诏》后的政策实践看,汉朝没有由此俨武休兵,仍然执行对外积极用兵的政策,只是规模略小。同时根据形势需要也重视农业生产。从《轮台诏》变成罪己诏的历史过程看,由于班固等历史学家自觉发挥史鉴作用,《轮台诏》被赋予悔过的色彩;由于杨万里等文人在诗文中运用典故,《轮台诏》最终变成了罪己诏。

The Rescript for Luntai issued by Emperor Hanwu is not penitent for wars. It responded why the army did not cultivate lands and inhabit in Luntai area, and dealt with something about the west area. Emperor Hanwu didn＇t confess that warring for expanding territory was an error,nor did he confess his other mistakes in all his life in the Reseipt for Luntai. Empire Han still fought for expanding while developing agriculture after he issued the rescript. The Rescript for Luntai became a rescript for penitence for wars just because the historians wanted to educate other emperors and the writers used allusions.