经人工血管右腋动脉插管在升主动脉和弓部手术中的应用

Application of Cannulation of Right Auxiliary Artery during Ascending Aorta or Aortic Arch Replacement

目的介绍经人工血管右侧腋动脉插管进行体外循环和选择性顺行性脑灌注的方法。方法共30例患者经右侧腋动脉体外循环,其中累及主动脉弓部的急性StanfordA型夹层动脉瘤23例,合并弓部扩张的升主动脉瘤7例。在右侧锁骨中点下方做长约4～5cm切口,游离腋动脉而不游离臂丛神经和腋静脉,将直径8mm的人工血管与之端侧吻合并与动脉管连接。腋动脉插管用于体外循环,也用于选择性顺行性脑灌注。涉及主动脉弓部手术30例,其中采用经腋动脉顺行性脑灌注行全主动脉弓置换15例,深低温停循环下置换右半弓15例。体外循环结束时直接将人工血管结扎即可。结果患者全部康复出院,经腋动脉插管灌注流量和压力与经升主动脉插管无差异。术后无神经系统并发症发生,右上肢血压正常,未发生动脉损伤、栓塞以及上肢感觉、运动障碍等。结论经人工血管右侧腋动脉插管进行体外循环和选择性脑灌注,操作简单,安全可靠。

Objective To introduce alternative approach of right auxiliary artery cannulation through a 8 mm hemoshield graft for cardiopulmonary bypass and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion. Methods Twenty-three cases of acute type A dissection and 7 cases of ascending aortic aneurysm, in which aortic arch was involved, were evaluated. An 4- 5 cm long incision beneath right clavicle was made to expose auxiliary artery with auxiliary vein and brachial plexus intact. An 8 mm hemoshield graft was anastomosed to auxiliary artery and connected to the arterial end of cardiopulmonary bypass circuit. The auxiliary artery cannula was used for arterial perfusion and also used for selective antegrade cerebral perfusion. Fifteen total arch and 15 semi-total arch replacement were performed. The graft connecting auxiliary artery was simply [igated when cardiopulmonary bypass was concluded. Results Arterial perfusion flow and pressure through auxiliary artery were not significantly different from that of cannulation via ascending aorta. No significant postoperative cerebral deficits and complications of right upper limb associated with cannulation of auxiliary artery occurred. Conclusion Arterial perfusion through right auxiliary artery provides an excellent approach for surgery of acute type A dissection and ascending aortic aneurysm with optimized body perfusion and allows for antegrade cerebral perfusion during circulatory arrest.