中国古代灾后重建的举措及经验

The Experiences of Post-disaster Reconstruction in Ancient China

古代灾后官方紧急应对,采取安抚灾民、招徕安顿、减免徭赋等措施,尽量变消极因素为积极因素。重建内容包括耕地、建筑物、环境三项。重建工程一般较大,在物资上需满足五个要求:劳力、口粮、建材、工具、资金。其中建材、工具易于解决;其余各项常通过调丰补欠的手段。移民措施经常采用,关键在于确定合宜的政策。

Ancient Chinese government always took efficient actions whenever disasters came, the measures included comforting and settling down the victims and reducing taxation and compulsory services, changing the passive factors into positive ones. Post-disaster reconstruction usually refers to farming lands, buildings and environment, the successful reconstruction of which have to satisfy five requirements： hands, food, building materials, tools and funds. Building materials and tools are the easiest to gather, the others are generally gained by emigration and taking the abundance to supply the deficiency, while beneficial policies play the key role in post-disaster reconstruction.