多动症儿童学龄期心理问题的预防与干预

PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER(ADHD)

注意缺陷多动障碍(简称多动症)是最常见的儿童精神障碍之一,其核心症状为注意力不足、多动、冲动。由于多动症常见于学龄期,儿童在成长过程中不仅有注意缺陷或多动、冲动障碍,而且由此衍生出一系列学习、情绪、行为及适应问题。通过分析多动症儿童学龄期常见的心理问题,提出了"接纳-自适应-积极心理治疗"等防范原则和干预策略,即:以接纳的态度面对多动症儿童的行为,帮助其了解自身特性;以自适应理论辅导多动症儿童养成有规律的生活习惯,为其创造可能成功的机会,增进其正面行为;以积极心理学疗法为多动症儿童建立积极和鼓励的学校环境,加强集中注意力的训练,或采用药物治疗的方式提升整体治疗的效果等。结论认为,这些预防与干预的原则和策略不仅对多动症儿童学龄期有效,也具有长期效应。

Attention defieit/hyperaetivity disorder （i.e. ADHD） is one of the most common mental disorders among children, the core symptoms are attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Because the ADHD commonly happens among school age, children during this period usually have hyperactivity or attention deficit and impulsivity obstacles, Also, these disorders lead a series of learning, emotional, behavioral and adaptive problems. By analyzing the common psychological problems of school-age children with ADHD. ＂To accept/To be self-adaptive/To be of positive mental health＂ as the systemic principles of prevention and strategies of intervention was put forward. It also means a receptive attitude towards the behaviors of children with ADHD to help them to understand their own characteristics, a self-adaptive theoretical guidance to children with ADHD to develop regular habits and create their successful opportunities as well as promote positive b, ehavior, and a positive psyehotberapy towards children with ADHD to establish a active and encouragement school environment and strengthen the focus on training as well as enhance the overall effectiveness of the treatment by drug therapy. The study indicated these prevention and intervention principles and strategies were not only effective for school-age children with ADHD. but also had long-term effect on them.