蜱的化学和免疫学防治研究进展

Advance in the Chemical and Immunological Controls of Ticks

蜱既是常见的吸血外寄生虫,又是人和动物许多重要疾病的传播媒介。大量的蜱叮咬宿主动物可导致宿主消瘦、贫血,同时也使动物皮革的质量降低。作为传播媒介,蜱由于可传播原虫、立克次体、支原体、衣原体、螺旋体、细菌和病毒等,在世界范围带来了很大的经济损失。有很多蜱的防治策略,但均存在不足之处,目前主要以化学和免疫学防治为主。利用化学防治较为普遍,但由于使用不当已造成了蜱的耐药性和环境污染。蜱的免疫学防治主要是开发抗蜱疫苗,接种商品化的抗蜱疫苗被证实是一种可行的防治策略,因此疫苗将在未来对蜱的防治中起举足轻重的作用。

Ticks are not only as common blood-sucking ectoparasites,but also as vectors of many important diseases of humans and animals. Blood-sucking by large numbers of ticks causes eamaciation and anemia among animals, while their bites also reduce the quality of hides. However, major losses caused by ticks are due to their ability to transmit protozoa, rickettsiae, mycoplasma, chlamydia and viral diseases of animals,which are of great economic importance in the world. There are quite a few methods for controlling ticks, but every method has certain shortcomings. The present review focused on chemical and immunological controls of ticks. A major component of integrated tick control methods is the application of chemical control which has resulted in selection of resistant ticks and environmental pollution. Immunological control of ticks is developing vaccines, Immuning commercial tick vaccines has been proven to be a feasible tick control method, and play an important role in the control of tick and tick disease.