台湾高雄市不同社区人群身心健康现状调查比较

A community survey on psychosomatic health of general population in Gaoxiong area of Taiwan

目的调查台湾高雄地区不同社区市民身心健康的相关影响因素,为今后区域医疗服务制定规划。方法横断面研究,随机分层调查高雄13个地区15岁以上的常住市民,通过问卷调查了解居民的基本信息、生活方式、生活经验和心身健康状况。对人际环境与情绪情况相关量表评分用F检验,对分等级的健康和患病状况用非参数方差分析。结果共调查1 330位居民,644名男性(48.4%),686名女性(51.6%),核心地区440人(33.1%)、中间地区共有330人(24.8%)、外围地区560人(42.1%)。核心地区居民以中风(2.7%vs 1.5%、0.9%,F=7.8,P<0.01)和呼吸系统疾病较为突出(气喘4.1%vs 2.4%、2.1%,F=4.3,P<0.05;慢性肺病2.0%vs 1.8%,0.7%,F=6.8,P<0.01),中间地区居民的心血管疾病和代谢系统疾病比较突出(高血压23.3%vs 17.7%、17.9%,F=4.4,P<0.05;高血脂27.9%vs 8.4%、16.8%,F=34.3,P<0.01;糖尿病12.1%vs 8.4%、9.5%,F=3.2,P<0.05;肝脏疾病3.9%vs 2.5%、3.0%,F=3.7,P<0.05),外周地区的抑郁情况要高于核心及中间区域(2.3%vs 2.0%、2.1%,F=6.4,P<0.01),核心地区的人群在享受医疗保健服务的比率要优于外围和中间地区(参加健康体检比率为48.9%vs 32.7%、16.1%),但在家庭及邻里支持方面,核心和外围地区更显优势。结论城市化进展中地区的居民健康问题较为突出,慢性代谢性疾病和情绪问题明显增加,要加强对这类人群的健康问题的关注和改进。

Objective： To describe the healthy characteristics of different communities in Kaohsiung , Taiwan . and to identify specific problems for further preventive measures. Methods ： A cross - sectional study, stratified random survey of 13 districts in Kaohsiung over the age of 15 permanent members of the public was held. Through a survey of residents, the basic information, life experiences and physical and mental health conditions were collected and anlysed. Results：One thousand three hundred and thirty residents were recruited. There were 644 male subjects （48.4%）, 686female subjects（51.6% ）, 440 （33.1% ）residents lived in the core zone, 330 （24.8%） in the middle zone and 560 （42.1%） in the peripheral zone . The subjects in the core zone had high incidence of stroke （2.7% vs. 1.5 vs. 0.9, F = 7.8, P 〈 0.01 ） and respiratory disease （asthma 4.1% vs. 2.4% vs. 2.1% ,F=4.3,P〈0.05, chronic lung disease： 2.0% vs. 1.8% vs. 0.7% ,F = 6.8, P 〈 0. 01 ）. The subjects lived in the middle zone had high incidence of cardiovascular disease and metabolic diseases （ high blood pressure ： 23.3 % vs. 17. 7 % vs. 17.9%, F = 4.4,P 〈 0.05, hyperlipidemia： 27.9% vs. 8.4% vs. 16.8%,F=34.3,P〈 0.01, diabetes： 12.1vs.% 8.4% vs. 9.5% ,F=3.2,P〈0. 05, liver disease ： 3.9% vs. 2.5% vs. 3.0%, F = 3.7 ,P 〈 0.05 ）. The depression was higher in the subjects who lived in the peripheral zone than subjects in the core zone and the middle zone （2.3% vs. 2.0% vs. 2.1%, F = 6. g,P 〈 0.01 ）. The subjects in the core zone who accessed to health care services were superior to that of subjects in the peripheral and middle zones （the rate of participation in health examination was 48.9% vs. 32. 7% vs. 16.1% ）, but the subjects in the core and peripheral zones had more family and neighborhood support. Conclusion： With the progress of urbanization, residents of the middle zone have more prominent health problems and chronic metabolic disorders and emotional problems have increased. It is necessary to pay more attention to health issues in the progress of urbanization.