HIV感染者／AIDS病人的小组心理干预模式及效果初步研究

Study on a model of group psychological intervention among people living with HIV/AIDS and its effectiveness

目的建立艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人的心理支持小组,探讨小组式心理干预对HIV感染者/AIDS病人的影响和效果。方法山西省夏县某感染者集中的村,自愿参加小组心理辅导和干预的HIV感染者/AIDS病人13人,组成1个小组。对小组成员进行为期6次、每次2-3小时的小组心理干预辅导,采用抑郁自评量表SDS、焦虑自评量表SAS、医学应对量表MCMQ、社会支持量表SSS及自我评价表对干预效果进行评估。结果干预后小组成员的焦虑、抑郁情绪明显改善,在应对问题的方式和寻求社会支持方面也有显著变化。结论小组心理干预对改善HIV感染者/AIDS病人的心理问题,提高其社会支持和同伴支持,改善应对策略有一定效果,值得进一步研究和推广。

Objective To establish a psychological supporting group for people living with HIV/AIDS and to explore the impact of group psychological intervention on them. Methods In a village of high concentration of HIV infected persons in Xia County（Shanxi Province） ,a group was made up of 13 people living with HIV/AIDS who volunteered to participate in group psychological counseling and intervention. Members of the group were exposed to group psychological intervention for six times and every time lastcd for 2 - 3 hours. Then, to assess the effectiveness of such intervention, they were investigated by Self-rating Depression Scale, Self-rating Anxiety Scale, Medical Coping Methods Questionnaire, Social Support Assessment Scale and Self-rating Scale. Results After the intervention, the levels of the anxiety and depression were relieved in group members and significant changes were found in the ways of coping with problems and seeking social support. Conclusion Group psychological intervention has helped to a certain extent to improve the psychological conditions and the coping strategies in people living with HIV/AIDS and strengthen their social support and peer support, and so should be further studied and extended.