新型膜分离技术——正向渗透及其应用

Novel Membrane Separation Technique-Forward Osmosis and Its Application

正向渗透技术是利用膜两侧溶液的渗透压差,使水分子从高化学势一侧渗透到低化学势一侧的新型膜分离技术。介绍了正向渗透技术的原理和特征以及在科学和工程领域的最新应用,包括污水处理与淡水净化、海水淡化、食品、医药、压力延缓渗透发电等。随着膜材料和汲取液等研究的深入,正向渗透技术将会有更多的应用。

Forward osmosis is a novel membrane separation technique, which uses the osmotic pressure differential across the membrane as the driving force for transport of water from a region of higher water chemical potential to a region of lower one. The mechanism and feature of forward osmosis as well as its recent applications in science and engineering are introduced, including wastewater treatment and water purification, seawater desalination, food processing, pharmaceutical industry, pressure-retarded osmosis for power generation and so on. With the further progress of membrane material and draw solution study, the forward osmosis will be applied in more and more fields.