1杰克·B·韦恩斯坦等.《证据:案例与材料》(Jack B. Weinstein, John H. Mansfield, Norman Abrams, Margaret A. Berger, Evidence: Cases and Materials, 9th Edition, The Foundation Press, Inc. , 1997, p. 2.56) .
2United States v. Davis, 261 F. 3d 1,38 -39, 1^st Cir. 2001.
3保尔·捷安纳利.《证据法解读》(Paul C. Giarmelli, Understanding Evidence, LexisNexis, 2003, p. 217).
4United States v. Lewis, 833 F. 2d 1380, 1385 - 1386, 9^th Cir. 1987.
5Furtado v. Bishop, 604 F. 2d 80, 90, 1^st Cir. 1979, cert. denied, 444 U.S. 1035, 1980.
6Brown v. Lynaugh, 843 F. 2d 849, 850 -851,5^th Cir. 1988.
7杰克·B·韦恩斯坦,玛格丽特·A·伯格.《学生版韦恩斯坦证据手册》(Jack B. Weinstein, Margaret A. Berger,Weinstein's Evidence Manual Student Edition, 6^th Edition, Matthew Bender & Company, Inc. , 2003, at 11.03 [ 2 ] ).
8United States ex rel. Owen v. McMann, 435 F. 2d 813,815, 2d Cir. 1970.
9McDonaldv. Piess, 238 U.S. 264, 35 S. Ct. 785, 59 L. Ed. 1300, 1915.
