以世界为视角看战后公民对政党认同的演变

Postwar Evolution of Citizens' Approval of Parties with the World in View

第二次世界大战后,西方发达国家由于其社会、经济、文化的发展,政党政治深刻蜕变,公民对政党的认同感日趋弱化;新兴工业化国家则由于时代的进步,公民对政党的认同感显著增强,但由于这些国家正处于社会转型期,政党政治尚存在一些普遍性的不足,因而公民对政党的认同在一度高涨之后又有所冷却。在中国,建国初期公民对中国共产党有着高度的认同感,但在"十年内乱"期间这种认同感受到了严重损害。1978年后,中国共产党坚持改革开放,锐意进取,经受住了社会发展、时代变化所带来的冲击与考验,赢得了广大公民新的高度认同。公民对政党的认同实质就是公民对政党所持理念及实际作为的评判。因此,一切政党只有切实履行利益代表及整合功能,为民众谋福祉,才能赢得公民的广泛认同,从而在国家政治生活中发挥应有的作用。

After World War Ⅱ, because of social economic .and cultural development, developed western countries witnessed significant changes in party politics and citizens＇ abating approval of parties. Owing to the progress in time, citizens＇ approval of parties has strengthened remarkably in newly industrialized countries. However, in social transformation period, citizens＇ approval of parties cooled down slightly due to common defects in party politics. In China, citizens had a high approval rating for CPC in the founding period of PRC, which was seriously damaged during ＂Ten Years of Domestic Chaos＂. Since 1978, CPC has upheld reform and opening up, kept forging ahead, stood up to all shocks and tests brought by social development and time change and won citizens＇ approval again. Citizens＇ approval of the party depends on the judgment on a party＇s concept and action. Therefore, a party wins the wide-ranging citizens＇ approval and fulfils its role in national politics, by carrying out functions of interest representation and integration with interests of the people at heart.