油气田勘探开发阶段高分辨率零偏移距VSP技术

High-Resolution Zero-offset VSP Technique in Development Stage of Oil and Gas Exploration

从零偏移距VSP资料采集、处理和解释方面,探讨了当前油气田勘探开发阶段高分辨率零偏移距VSP技术发展的内容和特征。这些特征主要是:得到高分辨率的VSP资料,不仅能对比厚层,而且能对比小层或薄储层;利用多波,不仅同时利用下行和上行波,而且同时利用纵波和转换横波;提取动力学参数,不仅给出时间深度标尺和走廊叠加层位标尺,而且给出振幅、频率、Q值、子波、纵横波速度比、泊松比、弹性参数等标尺;直接探测岩性和油气,不仅对比、控制、约束地震层位的反演,而且识别不同类型的储层,并为井地联合的储层含油气性反演提供控制和约束条件。

This paper discusses the contents and features of current Zero-offset VSP （ZVSP） techniques for the development stage of oil and gas exploration in aspects of data acquisition, processing and interpretation. The features involve： acquiring high-resolution ZVSP data, correlating not only thick layers, but also thin layers or reservoirs; exploiting multi-waves, using not only upgoing and downgoing waves, but compressional and converted waves simultaneously; extracting dynamic parameters, providing not only scale for time-depth relation and horizon scale for corridor-stack, but scales for amplitude, frequency, Q, wavelet, compressional-shear wave velocity ratio, Poisson ratio and elastic parameters; directly detecting lithologic properties, oil and gas, not only correlating, controlling and constraining horizon inversion, but identifying different types of reservoirs and providing constrains for joint petroliferous property inversion of both borehole and surface seismic data.