注意缺陷多动障碍儿童自我意识水平的对照研究

Comparative study on self-concept in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

【目的】研究注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童的自我意识水平,为治疗ADHD儿童提供依据。【方法】采用瑞文测验联合型和Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表(Children's Self-conceptScale,PHCSS)对心理门诊诊断的103例ADHD儿童和随机抽取的114名正常儿童进行对照分析。【结果】父母的教育方式与子女的自我意识相关。ADHD组和正常对照组儿童IQ均在正常范围,但IQ值差异有非常显著性(P<0.001)。ADHD儿童PHCSS各分量表分与总分均显著低于对照组,且ADHD组低意识水平人数高于对照组,两组间比较差异均有非常显著性(P<0.001)。【结论】ADHD儿童自我意识水平偏低,应教育家长改正不良教养态度和方式,并对ADHD儿童进行干预,加强自信心和自尊心的培养,提高其自我意识水平,使其身心健康发展。

[Objective] To explore the level of self-concept of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD）, thereby to provide evidences for treatment ADHD. [ Method] A self-made common environment question- naire,Combined Raven＇s Test（CRT） and Piers Harris Children self-awareness Seale（PHCSS） were applied to 103 children with ADHD （research group） and 114 normal controls（control group）. [Results] There was correlation between parent ＇s education pattern and children＇s self-concept. With control group, the IQ of the research group were markedly lower （P〈 0.01） . Compared with the control group,scores of all sub-scales and total scores of the PHCSS were significantly lower in the research group（P〈0.01）. [Conclusions] The levels of self-concept of children with ADHD are significantly lower than those of the normal children. Early psychological nursing should be carried out to strengthen self-esteem and self-confidence,in order to increase their self-concept.