长沙市学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖的现状调查及影响因素的研究

Epidemiologic status and influencing factors of simple obesity in preschool children

【目的】了解长沙市学龄前儿童肥胖发生状况及其危险因素,为制订干预对策提供依据。【方法】采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取长沙市18所幼儿园共3 604名儿童进行身高、体重测量,并采用WHO身高标准体重值的标准进行评价,以筛出肥胖和超重儿童。并对肥胖儿童和按照1∶2配对的正常体重儿童的家长进行问卷调查。【结果】①在3 604名儿童中,肥胖检出率为3.9%,超重检出率为13.0%;男、女生发生率无差异;随年龄增长,肥胖和超重发生率增高;②多因素配对Logistic回归分析结果显示母孕期增加体重(RR=1.287)、儿童目前的食欲(RR=0.190)、儿童目前吃饭的速度(RR=0.256)、儿童晚上睡眠时间(RR=5.709)、儿童经常一边看电视一边吃零食(RR=0.425)等5个因素是可能引起学龄前儿童肥胖的高危因素。【结论】①学龄前儿童应作为长沙市儿童单纯性肥胖的重点干预人群。②母孕期增加体重过快和儿童不良的生活方式可增加学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖的发生。

[Objective] To study the epidemiologic status and influencing factors of simple obesity among preschool children in Changsha city and to provide evidence for intervention study. [Methods] According to cluster sample method,3 604 preschool children＇s heights and weights from 18 kingergartens were measured and evaluated using WHO weight for height standard in order to grasp the epidemic status of obesity. At the same time, the parents of obesity children and normal matched children with 1 ： 2 ratio （obesity ： normal） were questionaired about influencing factors on obesity. [Results] （1）Among 3 604 children, their rates of obesity and overweight were 3.9% and 13.0% respectively. It had no great difference between male and female. The rates were increasing with the age rised. （2）Results indicated that five factors affecting simple obesity of preschool children,which included mother increased weight in pregrant period（RR= 1. 287）,child current appetite（RR=0. 190）,child eating speed（RR=0. 256）,child starting sleep time at night （RR=5. 709）and child eating tit-bits with watching TV（RR= 0. 425）. [Conclusions] Preschool children should be regard as the main intervent target of simple obesity in Changsha city. Mother fast increased weight in pregrant period and children＇s unhealthy lifestyle could add the incidence rate of simple obesity in preschool children.