中年血液透析患者心理症状的干预研究

Intervention study on psychological symptoms of middle-aged patients on maintenance hemodialysis

目的了解中年血液透析患者的心理症状的现状，探讨自我放松技巧（静默、暗示、深呼吸）、家庭应对、认知疗法、行为疗法、精神分析疗法、询者中心疗法等心理干预措施的效果。方法对80例中年血液透析患者采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）进行问卷调查，并随机分为干预组（n=40）和对照组（n=40），干预组根据存在的心理问题给予心理干预，对照组不进行针对陛的心理指导和治疗。结果中年血透患者都存在着不同程度的异常心理反应，通过心理干预，干预组的心理症状减轻，优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论中年血液透析患者都存在不同程度的心理症状，针对存在的问题进行晗当的心理干预，临床效果优于一般护理的患者。

Objective To investigate the psychological status of middle-aged patients on maintenance dialysis and study the effect of psychological intervention measures such as self-relaxation skills （ silence, suggestion, deep breathing）, family coping, cognitive therapy, behavior therapy, psychoanalysis therapy and client-center therapy. Methods Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90） was applied in 80 middle-aged patients on maintenance hemodialysis. These 80 patients were randomly divided into two groups, with 40 patients in each group. The intervention group was treated with psychological nursing according to the existing psychological symptoms, but the control group had no pertinent psychological instruction and therapy. Results Middle-aged patients on maintenance hemodialysis had various degrees of psychological symptoms. Psychological symptoms of patients in the intervention group were significantly reduced after the nursing intervention （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, thereby being superior to the control group. Conclusions Middle-aged patients on maintenance hemodialysis have different degrees of psychological problems. Specific psychological nursing intervention according to the existing problems are more helpful than conventional nursing.