某大型公共建筑全能耗模拟和节能潜力分析

Whole Building Energy Simulation and Energy Saving Potential Analysis of a Large Public Building Using EnergyPlus

本文首先介绍全建筑能耗模拟软件EnergyPlus的性能和特点,重点说明它在模拟大型公共建筑时所具有的优势。通过比较EnergyPlus与其他能耗模拟软件的特点,讨论了如何使用EnergyPlus最大限度地反映建筑各系统如空调系统、照明系统、生活热水系统等的复杂构成及它们之间的相互耦合关系。然后采用EnergyPlus对拟申请美国LEED绿色建筑认证的某大型公共建筑进行能耗模拟并计算全年能耗费用。按照LEED标准的要求建立ASHRAE基准模型,通过比较ASHRAE基准模型和设计模型的全年能耗,讨论有效降低建筑全年能耗的途径并建立节能模型。在节能模型中,透明围护结构的遮阳性能得以加强,建筑系统中部分设备的效率得以提高,并引入日光照明、人员传感器等技术。结果表明,本文提出的节能模型与ASHRAE基准模型相比,全年耗电量减少了4.7%,全年耗气量增加了6.9%,全年电费减少了14%,全年总能耗费用减少了7.75%。

By comparing EnergyPlus with other energy simulation tools, it explores how to use EnergyPlus to construct models to accurately simulate complex building systems as well as the interrelationships among sub-systems such as HVAC （Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning）, lighting and domestic hot water systems. Energy consumption and cost of a large public building were simulated and calculated for LEED certification using EnergyPlus. ASHRAE baseline model was constructed according to ASHRAE 90.1 standard and the comparison of annual energy consumption between ASHRAE baseline model and proposed model was carried out. Moreover, an energy saving model was built based on the proposed model, in which the shading performance of the transparent envelopes and operating performance of the building system components were improved. Meanwhile, other energy saving measures such as daylighting dimming and occupant sensor were considered. The simulation results show 4.7% electricity consumption decrease but 6.9% gas consumption increase of the energy saving model compared to ASHRAE baseline model. In summary, the annual energy cost of the energy saving model is reduced by 7.75%.