矿山废弃地土壤基质改良研究

The Research on Amelioration of Soil in the Mining Wasteland

矿山废弃地对生态环境有着极大的破坏作用,危及人类的生存与健康,并影响到区域生态经济的可持续发展。矿山废弃地的生态修复和重建,已被看作是矿区土地修复的主要组成部分,而在生态恢复的植被重建过程中,基质改良是生态恢复的核心问题。借鉴目前国内外土壤基质改良的方法,较系统地介绍了矿山废弃地土壤基质物理、化学、生物改良技术措施。最后提出中国矿山废弃地土壤改良方法的选用原则:遵循因地制宜、就地取材,结合以往的研究成果,借鉴国际矿区土地复垦和生态修复的成功经验,研究废弃物土壤化演化的自然规律和机理,最终实现人工辅助的土壤化演化。

The environment damages caused by mining wasteland have made crisis to the health of human life.And what＇s more they have endangered the regional sustainable development.Ecological restoration and reconstruction of mining wasteland has been seen as a key component of land remediation.And soil media is core problem of the biology resumption in the mining wasteland.This paper made a research based on the methods and countermeasures used both at home and abroad.Three technological measures had been laid out：physical,chemical,biological improvement of technical measures.Finally,principles of soil amelioration in China＇s mining wasteland were put forward：to follow the light of local conditions,and use local materials combining with the research achievements before,drawing the successful reclamation and ecological restoration experiences of international.The laws of nature and mechanism of soil amelioration in mining wasteland should be studied first,then the ultimate realization of artificial soil amelioration.