黄淮海地区夏大豆区试品种化学品质的研究

A STUDY ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF SOYBEAN SEEDS COLLECTED FROM THE REGIONAL TESTS IN YELLOW RIVER, HUAIHE RIVER AND HAIHE RIVER VALLEYS

本文研究了１９８５－１９９０年黄淮海夏大豆区试品种籽粒蛋白质和脂肪含量在不同试点的变化，鉴定出高蛋白质含量（４４．０５－４６．６４％）品种９个，高脂肪含量（２２．５８％）品种１个，兼用型双高（脂肪和蛋白质总量６３．０８－６５．３９％）品种１４个，高蛋白大粒（蛋白质含量４６．２６％，百粒重２５．９７ｇ）品种１个，高蛋白产量（１０５０－１２００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２）品种１０个。研究了蛋白质、脂肪、蛋白质＋脂肪与蛋白质产量之间的关系。明确提出可选育兼用型双高和高蛋白含量的高产品种。确定了蛋白质、脂肪、蛋白质＋脂肪、蛋白质产量４个品质指标的评价标准，探明了黄淮海地区的环境因素对大豆品质的影响，发现纬度由北至南大豆蛋白质含量由低至高的变化趋势。文中提出，大豆品质育种必须与不同地区的生态条件相结合。

The chemical compositions of soybean seeds collected from various sites of the regional variety tests (1985-1990) in Yellow River,Huaihe River and Haihe River Valleys were analyzed in this study. Among the varieties tested, 9 of them were found to be high in protein (44.05-46.64%), 1 was high in oil (22.58%),14 were double high (protein and oil contents, the total amount of protein and oil was between 63.08-65.39%), 1 was high protein and big sized (46.26% and 25.97g per 100 seeds), 10 were high protein-yielding (protein content was 42-46%, protein yield was 1050-1200 kg/hm 2, and seed yield was 2350-2700 kg/hm 2). The relationships among the contents of protein, oil, total amount of protein and oil, and protein yield were analyzed. We proposed that it was possible to breed varieties with both high protein and high oil contents, and the ones with high protein content and high yield. The standards for evaluation of protein, oil, total amount of protein and protein yield were suggested. Effects of environment on seed composition were studied and the results showed that protein content was higher where the latitude was lower. It was concluded that the ecotypes and environmental conditions should be considered when breeding high protein yielding varieties.