巨峰葡萄对钾素的吸收、分配、贮藏和再分配

The Absorption, Distribution, Storage and Redistribution of 86Rb in Kyoho Grapevine

巨峰葡萄开花前２０ｄ根施铷８６Ｒｂ（代替４０Ｋ）后４ｈ，主梢各器官均吸收了８６Ｒｂ，随后，各器官的８６Ｒｂ递增，其前期以茎、梢尖、叶的分配率高于花序；至处理后３８４ｈ时则相反；处理后４８０ｈ（开花前１ｄ），各器官的８６Ｒｂ有所减少，但仍以花序最高。同期叶喷８６Ｒｂ后，花序吸收８６Ｒｂ的波相与根施一致，但分配率显著高于根施；细根对８６Ｒｂ的吸收为增加趋势，但均低于花序。盛花期植株各器官的８６Ｒｂ分配为：副梢、花序＞主梢茎顶段＞主梢茎＞叶；主梢＞二年生枝＞老茎；细根多于粗根。果熟期，果穗的８６Ｒｂ较前期显著减少，转运给二年生及老枝、根系，尤以细根的８６Ｒｂ明显增多，副、主梢营养器官的８６Ｒｂ仍较高。休眠期植株中８６Ｒｂ的分配依次为：多年生干、二年生枝、一年生枝；粗根、细根；地上部分＞地下部分。翌年盛花期贮藏８６Ｒｂ的再分配与上年同期一致。

The absorption and distribution of potassium during several development stages of ‘Kyoho’ grapevine by using isotope 86Rb (Substitute for 40K) was investigated. Results showed that: when 86RbCl was applied to the soil 20 days before bloom, 86Rb reached each part of shoots 4h after application and its amount increased successively. The distribution percentages of 86Rb in stem, shoot top and leaves were higher than that in clusters. After 384h, however, the rate in clusters became higher. After 480h (1 day before bloom) , the amount of 86Rb in all parts of shoot decreased slightly, among which clusters mainteined the highest. Compared with the treatment applied to the soil,spraying 86RbCl to the leaves at the same time showed a simillar absorption pattern in clusters except for the much higher distribution rate, but the absorption in rootlets showed an undulatory increase with the rate lower than in clusters. At full bloom,the distribution pattern of 86Rb showed the order as lateral shoots>clusters>shoot top>stem>leaves, shootsbiennial shoots>stem older than biennial, rootlets>large>roots. During the berry maturing stage, the amount of 86Rb in clusters diminished significantly, while 86Rb was mainly translocatd to biennial shoots,older stem and roots, esp. to rootlets,which increased obviously. The 86Rb in lateral shoots and shoots maintained relatively higher levels. During dormant period, the 86Rb distribution pattern indicated the older of stem>biennial shoots>shoots, large roots>rootlets, upper part>subterraneam part. At full bloom next year, the distribution pattern was similar to that the year before. 