鄱阳湖血吸虫病重疫区学生16年健康教育效果纵向观察

Longitudinal observation of health education in the control of schistosomiasis for 16 years in students of heavy epidemic areas in Poyang Lake region

目的研制有效控制重疫区学生感染的血吸虫病健康教育干预模式,并观察其远期干预效果。方法应用实验研究方法,1992年基线调查后,1993-1999年和2000-2007年分别应用"信息传播+防护技能培训+奖惩激励"和"信息传播+行为参与+行为激励"干预实验组目标人群。结果干预前(1992)实验组和对照组血防知识知晓率、血防态度正确率、疫水接触率和血吸虫感染率均无显著差异。干预后1年(1993)实验组血防知识知晓率和血防态度正确率分别由干预前8.99、55.06提高到94.38、98.88;疫水接触率和血吸虫感染率分别由干预前14.55、13.94下降到1.87、2.25;对照组干预前后上述各项指标均无明显变化。干预后2-7年(1994-1999)实验组疫水接触率和血吸虫感染率均较干预前显著下降,但均未降至0。干预后8-15年(2000-2007)实验组均无疫水接触者和血吸虫感染者。结论应用"信息传播+行为参与+行为激励"模式干预可使重度疫区学生明显减轻甚至可完全避免血吸虫感染。

To study an intervention model of health education to effectively control schistosomiasis infection in pupils in heavy epidemic areas, and to observe its long-term intervention effect, the method of experimental study was carried out. After baseline survey in 1992, two models, i.e. ＂information transmission ＋ training of protection skill ＋ Reward ＆ Punishment＂ and ＂information transmission ＋behavior participation ＋ behavior encouragement＂ were implemented to intervene to the target population of experimental group during 1993--1999 and during 2000--2007, respectively. There were no significant difference in the awareness rate of schsistosomiasis control knowledge, the correct rate of prevention attitude, the contact rate of infested water and the infection rate of schistosome between the experimental group and the control group before intervention （1992）. One year after intervention （1993）, the awareness rate of schistosomiasis control knowledge and the correct rate of prevention attitude in the experimental group were increased from 8.99%, 55.06% before intervention to 94.38%, 98.88%, respectively; the contact rate of infested water and the infection rate of schistosome were decreased from 14.55%, 13.94% before intervention to 1.87%,2.25%, respectively; There was no significance difference in the above indexes in the control group before and after intervention. 2-7 years after intervention （1994-1999）, the contact rate of infested water and the infection rate of schsitosome in the experimental group decreased significantly compared with those before intervention, but not to 0.8-15 years after intervention （2000-2007）, individuals of contacting infested water and patients infected with schistosome were not found in the experimental group. The implementation of the health education model of ＂information transmission ＋ behavior participation ＋ behavior encouragement＂ can make the students in heavy epidemic areas avoid infection of schistosome.