生食蝌蚪感染曼氏裂头蚴发病的发现与调查

Investigation and analysis on infection of Sparganum mansoni by eating alive tadpole

目的通过调查研究,了解河南省漯河等地区居民因生食蝌蚪感染曼氏裂头蚴病的情况,为防治提供科学依据。方法①采用现场考察与问卷调查,了解河南省漯河等地区地理环境与居民传统生食蝌蚪情况。②调查方法:显微镜下检查剑水蚤原尾蚴;蛙用肉眼和解剖镜检;解剖镜下检查蝌蚪裂头蚴;收集猫、狗粪便,水洗沉淀镜检虫卵;对生食蝌蚪史者,作曼氏迭宫绦虫裂头蚴血清免疫学检测。结果漯河、周口、商丘3市农村,池塘、沟渠、洼地众多,气候环境适宜各种蛙类繁衍,且居民多有生食蝌蚪"清热降火"习俗;剑水蚤检查85只,发现感染蚤3只,感染率3.53;蝌蚪检查308只,发现感染者22只,感染率为7.14;蛙类检查44只,发现感染者25只,感染率为56.82。调查猫、犬34只,发现感染者7只,感染率为20.59。有生食蝌蚪史者,血清学阳性率为8.99(17/189);其中13人有明显临床症状,占76.47。结论证实漯河、周口、商丘市存在曼氏迭宫绦虫病流行区,其中漯河市为曼氏迭宫绦虫严重的自然疫源地;当地居民生食蝌蚪,是感染曼氏裂头蚴病的主要原因。

Geographical circumstance and special custom of eating alive tadpole were investigated by questionnaire and consideration in Luohe city of Henan province. Procercoid of Spirometra mansoni were checked by microscope in cyclops and. Sparganum mansoni were investigated by naked eyes and anatomical lens in tadpoles and frogs. Stools of cats and dogs were collected and ovule of Spirometra mansoni were examed by microscope. Residents who had history of eating alive tadpole were undergone with immulogical examination of serum for Spirometra mansoni. Results showed that there were many pools, ditches and lowlands in villages of Luohe, Zhoukou and Shangqiu cityes. Climatope was suitable for propagation of all kinds of frogs. Special custom of eating alive tadpole to treatment disease were widespread in local residents. Eighty-five of cyclops were checked and 3 were positive for procercoid of Spirometra mansoni, with positive rate of 3.53 %. 308 of tadpoles and 44 of frogs were investigated, and positive rates of infecting Sparganum mansoni were 7.14% （22/308） and 56.82% （25/44） respectively. Ovule of Spirometra mansoni were examed in 34 of cats and dogs, and 7（20.5%） were positive. 189 of people with the history of eating alive tadpoles were undergone with serological examination and 17 were positive, with a positive rate of 8.99%. 13 of 17 had obviously clinical manifestation,accounting for 76.47%. Thses results indicate that endemical prevalence of Sparganum mansoni was confirmed in Luohe, Zhoukou and Shangqiu cityes, of which serious natural foci of Spirometra rnansoni was found in Luohe city. The main reason of infecting SParganum mansoni is by eating alive tadpoles in some people.