低排泄氮量的鹌鹑改良选育

Improved and Selective Breeding in Low Nitrogen Excretion Quails

选用日本鹌鹑N、B（Normal、Brown）品系和杂种群（BN），共进行8个世代（6～20周龄）的选育试验，各品系采用单因子试验设计，在CP18％日粮条件下分选育组、非选育组以及对照组（CP24％），N、B基础群中选留15种家系，以采食量为主选性状，以产蛋率和排泄氮量为辅选性状作为选育指标进行试验。结果表明：随着世代数的增加选育组和对照组的适应力均有显著升高（P〈0．05），N品系的各世代遗传改进量为0．26；另外，世代间产蛋率有增高的倾向，选育组平均累积产蛋率与非选育组较显著升高（P〈0．05），特别是选育组各世代遗传改良极为显著（P-〈0．01）。各世代间采食量无显著差异，同世代各品系间选育组N、B采食量均高于非选育组，但显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。选育组排泄氮量和血清中尿酸含量在改良2世代后明显低于非选育组和对照组（P〈O．05），排泄氮量分别降低7％～15％。综上所述，通过选育N、B新品系，能够改善产蛋性能，且显著降低排泄氮量，在BN杂种群中效果更明显。

An experiment was conducted to breed low-excretion type Japanese quails for decreasing the environmental pollution source. Japanese quails from Normal ,Brown breeds and crossing group were used in this eight generations （6-20 week-old） selection experiment. Quails were allocated into selected and non-selected groups with 18% CP diets and control group with 24% CP diet, with feed intake as main select traits and laying rate and nitrogen excretion as subsidiary select traits. The results showed that adaptive capacity of selected and non-selected groups were both increasing with the increasing generation （P〈0.05） and the genetic improving capacity of N strain was 0.26. Laying rate between generations had an increasing trend, the average cumulative laying rate of selected group was higher than that of non-selected group （P〈0.05）, and the genetic improvement of selected group was significant （P〈0.01）. There were no difference on feed intake between generations（P〉0.05）, while the feed intake of selected groups was higher than that of non-selected group but lower than that of control group （P〈0.05） in the same generation. The nitrogen excretion and serum uric acid content of selected group was lower than that of non-selected and control group after improved two generations （P〈0.05）, and the nitrogen excretion was degreed by 15%-17%. To sum up, laying performance was improved and nitrogen excretion was reduced of Japanese quails in the N and B breeds after selective breeding, especially in BN group.