深圳市肝吸虫中间宿主感染调查

Investigation into infection route and factors asscoiated with Clonorchis sinensis infection in freshwater fish in Shenzhen City

目的了解深圳市淡水鱼肝吸虫囊蚴的感染情况及其感染途径,分析肝吸虫病的流行因素。方法比较深圳市本地产和输入性淡水鱼类肝吸虫囊蚴的感染情况,鱼体消化后用显微镜进行形态学检查,以肝吸虫过氧化物酶(SOD)保守基因作为遗传特异基因,用PCR法扩增肝吸虫过氧化物酶(SOD)鉴定显微镜观察的阳性标本。结果共抽检淡水鱼807份,显微镜形态学检查囊蚴感染鱼体165份,阳性率为20.50%,其中来自广东中山等的阳性率显著性的高于深圳产淡水鱼(101/407份,24.8%;64/400份,16%()P<0.05);显微镜观察囊蚴阳性标本用PCR法扩增肝吸虫SOD基因阳性率为19.70%(159/807),在所抽检的15个品种中检出率最高的鱼种依次为鲩鱼40.2%、鲮鱼26%、鲤鱼22.5%等;现场关于淡水鱼肝吸虫囊蚴感染途径的调查发现养鱼塘上修建厕所和猪栏,鱼塘内肝吸虫第一中间宿主均有分布和感染。结论检测结果显示深圳市淡水鱼中肝吸虫的污染情况严重,养鱼塘上修建厕所是主要的传播途径,当地居民食用淡水生鱼或食用未煮熟的淡水鱼粥造成了肝吸虫生活史的有利循环,也是鱼能够感染肝吸虫囊蚴的因素之一。

Objective To investigate infection situation and route of metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis in freshwater fish in Shenzhen area. Methods Infection rate of metacerearia of Clonorchis sinensis in local imported freshwater fish, freshwater fish were screened and identified by morphology under microscope and PCR. Results There 165 positives out 807 samplse were detected bu microscope with a positive rate of 20.5%. and PCR had identificated 159 positive out of the 807 samples.with a positive rate of 19.7%. The infection rate of Campo was 40.2%,the highest in all kinds of the fish species Clonorchis sinensis were detected in the pigsty and toilets on around the fish-pond, and the first intermediate host of Clonorchis sinensis was also discovered aroundthe fish-pond. Conclusion The infection situation of Clonorchis sinensis in feshwater fish in Shenzhen area is serious, toilet and pigsty built on the fish-pond were major transmission route for Clonorchis sinensis and local people wre infected when eating raw fish.