距骨下关节功能解剖和运动研究进展

Advancement on Functional Anatomy and Motion of Subtalar Joint

运用文献资料调研和归纳与演绎等方法,以足部运动中重要而又相对较少受到重视的距骨下关节为研究对象,从距骨下关节的功能解剖结构、运动种类、在下肢运动中的作用和研究距骨下关节运动的方法等角度综述了国内、外在该领域的研究进展,以期为足部损伤防护和运动鞋研发等提供参考建议。研究认为:距骨下关节承受并传导人体重量,协调踝关节运动,是后足生物力学的中心和足部稳定的重要枢轴结构。其与踝关节、膝关节的协同一致性在人体活动尤其奔跑、跳跃时具有重要意义。协同性缺乏易导致足部以至整个下肢肌肉骨骼的损伤。距下关节功能的丧失,将使跟骨内收、外展活动度减小,踝关节对后足内外翻运动做出代偿,而这种代偿是有限的、非生理性的,对日常的行走功能来说尚可适应,但不能满足运动员对奔跑、跳跃、地面不平等功能运动的特殊要求。因此,了解距下关节的解剖和运动特点有助于认识足踝部隐匿性损伤,正确评价运动员的足踝及下肢功能。

Through using the method of literature review as well as inductive and deductive ways, taking the subtalar joint as research subject which is very important and is seldom attached importance to in foot motion, this paper reviewed the research advancement at home and abroad from the perspective of functional anatomy, motion types at different axes and planes, the functions in lower extremity during the sports such as running and hopping, the methods which were used in the different researches about subtalar joint in order to provide some suggestions for prevention and cure of sport injuries, design and manufacture of footwear. The result shows that subtalar joint holds and transmits the body weight and coordinate the exercise of ankle joint. It is an important hinged function of center of back foot biomechanics and foot stability. The accordance with ankle and knee joint plays an important meaning in physical activity, especially in running and jumping. The lack of accordance tends to lead the injury of lower limbs and foot. Therefore, the understanding on anatomic and kinematic character of subtalar joint can help to know the hidden injury of ankle and accurately evaluate the function of ankle and lower limbs of athletes.