菌根真菌对环境污染物的降解、转化能力概述

Review on Biodegradation and Biotransfoimation of Environmental Pollutants by Mycorrhizal Fugi

菌根是高等植物与真菌形成的共生体。菌根真菌与其它许多微生物一样,也能有效的降解、转化环境污染物,且有其自身的特点和优势。该文综合叙述了国内外在菌根真菌降解和转化木质素、多氯联苯、除草剂、有毒金属等环境污染物方面的研究进展,显示出菌根真菌是一大类具有较大应用潜力的、不容忽视的微生物群。目前为止,大多数研究都是单纯地注重菌很真菌降解环境污染物的作用,然而在自然条件下,菌根真菌是以与植物共生的形式存在,今后应着重研究其共生体(菌根)的作用。此外,菌根真菌降解、转化环境污染物的分子遗传学研究,构建高效降解菌等方面,也是今后研究的重点。

Mycorrhiza is a symbiont of mycorrhizal fungi and plant, similar to other microbes, mycorrhizal fungi can degrade and/or transform environmental pollutants effectively, and have its own characteristics and advantages. Review on current progress of studying biodegradation and biotransformation of environmental pollutants by mycorrhizal fungi was presented. Mycorrhizal fungus is a group of fungus which has the potential to play an important role in biodegradation of hazardous compounds in soil. It should be emphasized that all of the work to date have been done were in vitro studies without the host plant. Under natural condition, these fungi are associated with host plant. There, in vitro studies with the intact symbiosis should be in progress. Furthermore, more work concerning the molecular genetic research of pollutant degradation and the construction of genetic engineering organisms should also be started.