钢铁首富的“纸枷锁”

Steel Tycoon's"Invisible Fetters"

"国进民退",抑或"再国有化",自2003年以来,伴随宏观调控,伴随国有资本的结构性调整,相关的案例在逐渐增多。对此,商界人士、特别是草根民企颇多忧虑。忧虑不无道理。回望改革开放30年,中国经济之所以创造巨大奇迹、中国社会之所以取得巨大进步,大而言之无非源自:一是市场化规则的确立,一是微观经济主体活力的重塑。就后者来看,一方面在国有体制之外千千万万民营企业"野蛮生长",另一方面国企改制,产权的多元化、民营化,使"工厂"变成了"公司"。因此,仅从结果上看,少一些国有,多一些民营,乃是我们改革开放30年取得举世公认成就的基本经验。站在开启新的30年的时点上,对这样一种经验和道理的坚守不应有所偏离,有所摇摆。今天,举国面临全球金融危机压力,4万亿刺激经济方略实为应急之举,而绝不应成为企业产权结构的一次偏向调整。钢铁行业是观察国有、民营力量竞争结构变化的一个窗口。作为完全竞争性行业,钢铁行业对民营资本完全开放。但由于历史的原因,国有资本在这个行业形成了主导地位;民营资本虽处于劣势,但成长迅速,具备了一定的竞争实力。因为这样一个资本结构,民营钢铁生存和成长环境显得不是十分宽松。宏观调控之下,民营钢铁往往成为牺牲品或国有资本蚕食的对象。从戴国芳的突然"死亡"、到张志祥的劫后余生,再到今日杜双华投奔国有钢企,无不显示了这一规律。只有极少数善于处理复杂政商关系者会得到一个相对体面的结局。诚如很多人所言,钢铁业国有与民营搭配的混合所有制或许是实现产业整合的改革方向。但前提是,千万不要带来旧体制的回归。

This is a silent season for all steel enterprises.No compauy can be immune to price reduction, production curtailment or reduction and layoff.Rizhao Steel is now facing up with a more tricky issue,that is,it is supposed to be taken over by Shandong Steel Group which is just reorganized. What is Du Shuanghua,president of Rizhao Steel considering now?Still unknown. Every time when macro control comes,some big private companies which get involved in heavy industries will suffer or even disappear later.When the macro control is over,medium-sized private companies or SOEs benefit much from it though.This time,quite a few private companies with heavy industry business might be again reaped. However,this round is not a simple repetition of history.China Iron&Steel industry's reshuffle has been urged many years and has come to a vital stage when systematic global economic downturn occurred.Private steel companies are now in a complicated environment,which means that they have to survive and pursue fortune in a turbulent times.Shangdong Steel Group taking over Rizhao Steel is not just another story of'private flow and state ebb'and Du Shuanghua is not a pessimistic figure with negative attitude,either.He has got the'paper fetters'like what the movie Forever Enthralled displayed,which indicates the'tendency'.As long as he follows the tendency, there is still a room.Or he has to choose another way instead.