“余予古今字”考辨

Research on the Annotation of "The Relation of ‘Yu(余)’ and ‘Yu(予)’ Is ‘Gu Jin Zi’"

"古今字"观念形成于东汉时期,指的是不同时代记录同一词语而用字不同的现象。但郑玄"余予古今字"的注释存在疑问,后世学者常把余、予有意无意地看成古今语而排除在古今字之外。本文联系余、予的实际使用情况,结合郑玄注释的体例,对颜师古、孔颖达、段玉裁等人的有关看法进行考辨,认为郑玄的文献举例虽有失误,但"余予古今字"从总体上反映了"我"义代词古今用字的差异,应该属于"古今字"关系,后人把余、予当作"古今语"既不符合语言事实,也不符合郑玄本意。

＂Gu Jin Zi＂ means the phenomenon of using different Chinese characters to record the same word in different periods whose conception was formed in the Later Han dynasty. But the annotation of ＂The relation of ＇yu（余）＇ and ＇yu（予）＇ is ＇Cu .[in Zi ＇ ＂ written by Zheng Xuan is questionable. The relation of ＂yu（余）＂ and ＂yu（予）＂ was often regarded as ＂Gu Jin Yu （using different words to express the same thing in different periods）＂ and excluded from ＂Gu Jin Zi＂ by some following scholars coneiously or unconciously.Based on the investigation of the actual usages of ＂yu（余）＂ and ＂yu（予）＂ ,the study of the stylistic rules of the annotations written by Zheng Xuan and the analysis of some other viewpoints of Yan Shi-gu,Kong Ying.da,Duan Yu-cai ,etc, this paper considers that although the example given by Zheng Xuan is mistaken, the annotation of ＂The relation of ＇yu（余）＇ and ＇yu（予）＇ is ＇Gu Jin Zi＇ ＂ generally reflects the differenees in using Chinese characters to record the pronouns with the meaning of ＂I＂ in different periods. The relation of ＂yu（余）＇＇ and ＂yu（予）＂ is ＂Gu Jin Zi＂ ,While the viewpoints which regard the relation of ＂yu（余）＂ and ＂yu（予） ＂ as ＂Gu Jin Yu＂ neither conform with the fact of language,nor with the original intention of Zheng Xuan.