甘南县土地利用的景观特征

Landscape Character of Land Use in Gannan County,Heilongjiang Province

以甘南县2003年土地利用类型图及相关文献资料为基本数据源,利用景观这一尺度单元对甘南县域系统土地利用类型按照权属和行政区进行景观特征比较分析。结果表明:在斑块体特征上,国有区域与集体区域相比,斑块体面积较大,密度较小,景观破碎程度较弱;各行政区中,以甘南镇斑块体面积最小,密度最大,农牧渔场区斑块体面积最大,密度最小。在景观格局特征上,国有区域景观多样性指数、均匀度指数较集体区域高,而优势度指数较集体区域低;各行政区中,巨宝乡景观多样性指数、均匀度指数最高,优势度指数最低,平阳镇多样性指数、均匀度指数最低,优势度指数最高。从景观类型分布看,县域整体景观特征是以农牧景观为主体,其中国有区域与集体区域也都如此,只是分布比例存在一定差异;各行政区中,国营林场区以林地景观为主要类型,农牧渔场区以牧草地景观为主要类型,其余各单位皆以耕地景观为主要类型。从区域景观总体特征看,其东南及南部冲积平原区斑块体较大,密度较小,景观类型较为丰富,破碎度较弱,而西北及北部丘陵区及漫岗区斑块体较小、密度较大,景观破碎程度较强。

A study was conducted to compare the landscape characters of different types of land use in Gannan County, Heilongjiang Province in terms of different nation-owned regions, collective regions and districts based on the information source of landscape map of 2003 and some relevant data. Result showed that the landscape fragmentation degree of nation-owned regions with large patch area and low patch density was lower than that of collective regions. Among all the districts, Gannan Town has the largest patch area and the lowest patch density, and the fishery area has the smallest patch area and the highest patch density. The diversity index and evenness index of nation-owned regions were higher than those of collective regions, while dominance index of nation-owned regions was lower than that of collective regions. Jubao Village had the highest diver-sity index and evenness index and the lowest dominance index, while Pinyang Town had the lowest diversity index and even- ness index and the highest dominance index. The landscape character of Gannan County was characterized by farm and pastu- reland, and the landscape characters of both nation-owned regions and collective regions were similar to that of Gannan County. Forest landscape was dominant in nation-owned forest farms, and grassland landscape was primary in fishery areas, while the main landscape pattern for other types of land use was farmland. Southeast and south alluvial plains had lager patch area and lower patch density, implying an abundant landscape pattern and a weaker fragmentation degree, while northwest and north hilly regions had lower patch area and higher patch density, showing a stronger fragmentation degree.