苏鲁豫皖接壤地区的环境特征及水环境问题

ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES AND WATER ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE REGION BORDERING JIANGSU, SHANDONG, HENAN AND ANHUI PROVINCES

苏鲁豫皖四省接壤地区环境受人为干扰和黄泛影响严重，环境问题和自然灾害较多，尤其是围绕水环境的旱涝和水体污染问题更为突出。针对四省接壤的特定区位和水环境状况，要通过加强跨地区水资源管理，落实有关法规和实行综合治理等对策进行整治。

The region bordering Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Anhui Provinces, in the northeast of Huaihe River Basin, belongs to a subhumid warm temperate zone. Water environment problems, such as flood, drought and water pollution, have seriously hampered the sustainable development of the border region of the four provinces. This article mainly deals with the causes and effect of water environment problems in this region. The disasters are caused by natural factors and human activities. The natural factors include relief and rainfall. (1) The Huanghe River changed its way several times in the historic period. It caused the original land surface and river system to be disturbed. (2) The rainfall is seasonally distributed and the interannual difference of rainfall is great. (3) As a result of (1) and (2), the ecosystem in this region is usually fragile. The influences of human activities are as follows: (1) the population density has increased to 602人/km 2. The per capita amount of water resources only makes up 20% of that of the country. (2) Along with the rapid development of industry and energy resource and population growth, a great deal of industrial waste water and domestic sewage is drained to rivers and lakes, leading to a serious water pollution. (3) The conflicts of water supply and drainage among different river reaches are apparent in the border region. The present water environmental management is inadequate to the purpose intended. Therefore, some effctive countermeasures have to be taken, and suggestions are made for the purpose of accomplishing the sustainable development. (1) To establish a model of water environment management combining basin management agency with local goverments. (2) To bring environmental protection into national economy and social development plan. To combine two apparently contradictory objectives—economic development and environmental protection. (3) To implement more effective integrated control on water pollution and disasters of drought and flood.