犹太文化格托的启示——以艾·巴·辛格作品为观照

The Revelation of Jewish Ghetto of Culture:A Study Based on Isaac Bashevis Singer's Works

犹太人始终自觉坚守世代相传的犹太生活习俗,形成了特有的犹太文化格托,即在文化上完全独行于自己的疆域,既不让异族文化侵入,更不与异族文化融合,因此文化上的藩篱使这个古老民族裹挟于万民之中而未致湮灭。美国犹太作家辛格的文学作品生动演绎了犹太人在散居异域时,怎样将自己寄寓于本民族独特的文化空间,从而说明了犹太文化格托在抵御异族同化、保护民族存续方面,远远胜于居所格托的功用。这无疑对解决现代社会的民族文化杂合和民族同化问题带来深刻的启示。

It is generally believed that the reason for the Jews to gather and found the country Israel after the Dispersion Period is that they had the living Ghetto to shelter in. As a matter of fact, the majority of Jews lived together with gentiles without separate ghettos all over the world. However, as they always adhered to Jewish customs from generation to generation, they form a unique Jewish Ghetto of culture, that is, they acted within their own cultural territory, neither letting in invasive alien cultures, nor integrating them. Thus, this kind of cultural hedge prevented the Jewish nation from being annihilated. American Jewish writer Isaac Bashevis Singer＇ s works vividly interprets how the Jewish avoided being assimilated by dwelling in their own cultural space. What the Jewish did reveals a great deal that the Jewish cultural Ghetto functioned a lot more against ethnic assimilation than the Jewish living Ghettos, which has brought us profound apocalypse in the process of modernization and nations＇ survival crisis.