文学研究的范式转变:从“固体”到“流体”

From "Solid" to "Liquid"——Paradigm Shift in Literary Study

本文讨论了分别文学研究的两种范式:现代与后现代的范式。前者以自由人文主义为基本理念,后者则以后结构主义思潮为代表。作者认为,自启蒙运动以来,经由浪漫主义,一直到现代文学研究的大学体制的建构,是以关于文学的超越性价值和文学作品的确定意义为基本理念的,因此构成了"固体"的文学研究范式。后结构主义批判了在场的形而上学,颠覆了语言能指与所指的固定关系,强调差异性,进而导致了不确定性理念的流行,因而构成了"流体"的文学研究范式。但进一步的问题在于如何超越这两种范式,探索新的文学研究路径。

This article focuses on the shift in literary studies from ＂modern solid＂ paradigm to ＂postmodern liquid＂ one. The former is based on liberal humanism, while the latter on poststructuralism. The author argues that ＂the modern solid＂ paradigm emphasized timeless values and valid meaning in the literary work. On the contrary, ＂the postmodern liquid＂ paradigm developed the concept of undecidability in a form of advocating differences and criticizing essentialism.