当代俄罗斯高尔基研究的透视与思考

A Survey of and Reflection on Contemporary Gorky Study in Russia

苏联解体以来,俄罗斯的高尔基研究出现了引人注目的变化。在一股短暂的否定和攻击的浪潮过后,高尔基著作的继续整理出版,相关文献资料的不断发掘,新的研究成果的相继问世,均表明高尔基仍然是当代俄罗斯学术界高度重视的作家。研究者们在对高尔基作品进行重新解读和阐释的基础上,更加注重考察高尔基与20世纪俄罗斯文学进程、同时代作家、俄国革命及其领袖人物的关系,更为关注作家晚期思想的矛盾、变化及其在创作中的体现。在研究观念和方法上,研究者们抛弃了以往那种简单的二元对立模式和政治评判的视角,坚持从高尔基作品文本和文学史实出发,注意以整体联系和有机统一的观点来看待作家的全部思想和创作。这一切恰恰是目前国内的高尔基研究所缺乏的,也是这一研究在国内相对滞后的重要原因。

There have been remarkable changes in Russian Gorky study after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. After a short wave of negation and attack, Gorky＇s works keep being collected and published, related documents and other materials keep being excavated and new academic achievements keep being born, all of which illustrate Gorky＇s high prestige among contemporary Russian scholars. With new analyses and reinterpretation of Gorky＇s works, scholars begin to place more emphasis on the relationships between Gorky and the 20th century Russian literary development, Gorky and other contemporary writers, and Gorky and Russian revolution and its leaders. More attention is now paid to the contradiction and changes in Gorky＇s later thoughts and their embodiment in his writings. As to critical theories and approaches, scholars give up their former simple political and critical approach of setting up binary oppositions, but instead, emphasize the connections among Gorky＇s literary theories and works from an overall point of view based on text analysis of Gorky＇s works and careful consideration of the development of literary history. All these characteristics mentioned also reflect the deficiencies of Gorky study in China which explain the main reasons why Gorky study in China comparatively falls behind.