论诗宁下涪翁拜,未作江西社里人——由《论诗绝句三十首》看元好问对江西诗派的批评

On Yuan Haowen's Criticism of Jiangxi Poetry School in His 30 Critical Quatrains

元好问在《论诗》中比较中肯地品评自汉魏迄于宋代的众多诗人流派及其作品。对于江西诗派之宗——黄庭坚,元好问是将他与江西诗派区别对待的,认为他既有功于宋诗的开创,但也开了宋诗以学问为诗,以才学为诗的弊端。对于江西诗派的一味摹拟,元好问给予尖锐的批评,并指出了他们不能面对现实的要害。在向古人学习的问题上,元好问之论较好的解决了借鉴古人与观照现实的关系问题。他的诗学主张,对诗歌创作很有指导意义。

In 30 Critical Quatrains, Yuan Haowen honestly expressed his view of the poets, the poetry schools and the works that appeared during the period ranging form the Han Dynasty to the Song Dynasty. When commenting on Huang Tingjian, the founder of the Jiangxi poetry school, the author holds that though Huang should be credited for his role in the development of Song poetry, yet he should also be blamed for advocating the misleading notion which held that any literary works created by those with knowledge and talent should be regarded as poems. As for the Jiangxi poetry school＇s invariable and uncreative imitation of the previous poetry, Yuan haowen voiced his fierce criticism for their lack of courage to face the reality. On the issue of learning from the previous poets, Yuan Haowen balanced the relationship between imitation and innovation. It＇s fair to say his poetic thoughts exert a profound and instructive role in the creation of poetry.