新新贸易理论“新”在何处——异质性企业贸易理论剖析

Analysis of the Newness of the New-new International Trade Theory Based on Heterogeneous Firm Theory

传统贸易理论和新贸易理论都是基于企业同质化的前提假定,分析国际贸易产生的原因及其影响。然而,近年来以Melitz为代表的一些经济学家通过理论与实证研究发现,同一产业内部企业之间在其规模、生产率以及工人的工资上都存在着显著差异,从而提出了异质性企业贸易理论,又称为新新贸易理论,其研究视角从传统的国家和产业层面转向企业和产品层面,以生产率差异作为企业主要特征,从微观层面详细剖析了企业的出口、投资以及国际化生产组织行为,为国际贸易的利益来源提供了新的解释。

Traditional trade theory and new trade theory are both based on the hypothesis of homogeneous firm. However, in recent papers, some economists such as Melitz, Bernard and Jensen have built a new theory about heterogeneous firm which is also known as the new-new international trade theory. It pays more attention to the significant difference in scale, productivity and wages of workers among enterprises in an industry. This new theory changes its perspective from the traditional national level and industrial level to the firm level and product level, regards productivity as the main characteristics of enterprises, and analyzes the company＇s export, investment and international production organization from the micro-level international trade interests.