从政策性开放到体制性开放——政策引致性扭曲在发展中地位的变化

From Opening-up Policy to Institutional Opening Up

对外开放消除了我国封闭型计划经济体制的严重扭曲,但同时也因为开放以特殊政策推动而形成了新的政策引致性扭曲,影响了开放效益的提高。特区政策、贸易政策和外资政策中的激励在经济转型中发挥了积极作用,但激励性外资政策下土地、自然资源与劳动力价格的扭曲和生产的外部性等导致了开放中利益的流失。建设开放型经济的核心是消除区域发展导向型体制中的政策竞争,消除政策引致性扭曲,以产业政策、地区政策和稀缺要素培育政策取代现行的要素所有者差别政策和市场偏向政策。

While China's opening up to the world has helped eliminate severe distortions in its pre- vious autarky of planned economy,some new ones,resulted from special economic policies, come into being and reduce what may be gained from the practice of opening up.Incentive policies favoring special economic zone and boosting export and foreign investment have very active roles in economic transformation.Due to these policies,however,new distortions appear in prices of land,natural resources and labor,which result in reduction of the gains of the o- pening up policy.What can be critical in constructing an open economic system is to eliminate policies competing among regions under current economic system of regional development,to eliminate distortions brought forth by regional policies and to replace policies based on re- sources ownership and market favorableness with industrial policy,regional development policy and scarce factor fostering policy.