打工妹的话语策略与城市适应

Dagongmeis Discourse Tactics and Their Urban Adaptation

话语不仅仅是交流信息或感情的手段,同时也是被社会性地建构和生产的符号系统。话语暗含了社会的价值秩序,是权力和社会分化的寄生物;对个体而言,话语本身是一种社会行为,个体通过话语实践成为权力关系的生产者,并标识自己类别化的社会位置。在城市打工的农村"打工妹"通过日常话语实践——学习词汇,积累谈资,根据语境来切换使用粤语、普通话和家乡话的话语操纵策略——来建构自己的城市生活世界,以适应城市生活及其要求。"打工妹"的日常话语实践反映出文化资本越来越介入到社会分层实践,城市话语体系作为文化资本的重要内容深刻地影响到其使用者的生存状况,因此根据掌握城市话语体系的程度,我们可以将进城民工分为三类——失语者、鹦鹉学舌者、得心应手者,以此建构出一种新型的民工类型学。

Discourse is both a medium for communication of information and affections,and a symbol system that is socially constructed and produced.Discourse implies social value orders,and is dependent of social powers and differentiations.Discourse itself is social behavior of an indi- vidual,who becomes producer of social power and signs of her categorized status by her own discursive practice.The daily discursive practice of dagongmei(female farmer workers)in restaurants and bars of Guangzhou city helps to establish their own social world.The fact makes it clear that cultural capital is more and more involved in social stratification.There- fore,the development of a farmer-worker typology can be based on individual's mastery over system of urban discourse.